ANALISIS INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN (SHANNON-WIENER) BURUNG DI KAWASAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS SAN PEDRO

Mery Fahik; Ewinda I Feni

doi:10.33323/indigenous.v8i3.777

Mery Fahik Program Studi Biologi FMIPA, Universitas San Pedro Kupang, NTT, Indonesia
Ewinda I Feni Program Studi Biologi FMIPA, Universitas San Pedro Kupang, NTT, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33323/indigenous.v8i3.777

Keywords: Analisis, Burung, Kampus, Keanekaragaman, Shannon-Wiener

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman jenis burung pada kawasan kampus Universitas San Pedro serta mengidentifikasi faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi struktur komunitas avifauna. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat stasiun pengamatan, yaitu area vegetasi padat, taman kampus dan ruang terbuka hijau, area terbuka, serta area terbangun. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode titik hitung (point count) dengan pengamatan langsung pada pagi dan sore hari. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks keseragaman (E), dan indeks dominansi Simpson (C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 10 spesies burung yang tergolong dalam beberapa famili, yaitu Passeridae, Apodidae, Pycnonotidae, Columbidae, Estrildidae, Meliphagidae dan Muscicapidae. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,29–2,22 dengan rata-rata sebesar 1,84 yang tergolong kategori sedang. Nilai keseragaman berkisar antara 0,56–0,97 dengan rata-rata 0,80, sedangkan nilai dominansi berkisar antara 0,12–0,44 dengan rata-rata 0,21. Habitat vegetasi padat memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman tertinggi, sedangkan area terbangun menunjukkan dominansi spesies urban-adaptif yang lebih tinggi. Faktor lingkungan seperti kompleksitas vegetasi, ketersediaan sumber pakan, dan tingkat gangguan manusia berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan komunitas burung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan kampus masih memiliki potensi ekologis sebagai habitat avifauna dan mendukung pengembangan konsep green campus berbasis konservasi biodiversitas.

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